Shaping The Fourth Industrial Revolution ((FULL))
The Second industrial Revolution, which Vaclav Smil has persuasively dated between 1867 and 1914, is a subsequent wave of systems change that coalesced around the modern belief that science and technology are the way forward to a better life and that progress is in many ways a destiny for humanity.5,6 Entrepreneurs applied science to the ends of production, and the era saw a boon of products that were themselves the direct products of science and engineering.iii,iv The revolution brought a step change in standardization, technical complexity, and precision in manufacturing, as well as large-scale technological infrastructure such as electricity grids and new forms of public transportation based on the internal combustion engine. Alongside innovations such as the steamship, the telephone, the gas turbine, artificial fertilizer, and mass production, a much more mobile and cognizant international public was developing a desire for goods, travel, and perhaps most importantly for the next industrial revolution, information.
Shaping the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Both the term and the concept of 4IR are not especially academic in nature. Historians and cultural anthropologists will have the ultimate responsibility for establishing and supporting frameworks for how we regard history and societal development. The phrase and concept do, however, co-opt the loose history presented above into a cohesive and practically employable mental model and umbrella concept that contextualizes and posits that the current set of transformations have similar attributes to past industrial revolutions.
Augmented reality, machine automation, and more: the 21st-century industrial revolution is digital. Industry 4.0, the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and 4IR all refer to the current era of connectivity, advanced analytics, automation, and advanced-manufacturing technology that has been transforming global business for years. This wave of change in the manufacturing sector began in the mid-2010s and holds significant potential for operations and the future of production.
The fourth industrial revolution is set to transform factories and businesses into computer systems with modular processes. Web3 will help in facilitating peer-to-peer networks powered by the industrial IoT. The metaverse will essentially house Industry 4.0, leading to a fusion of our physical, digital, and biological identities. These identity shifts are crucial to understanding how we will access information in the future and communicate with others.
With the onset of Industry 4.0, we'll see many changes in how people interact with each other online. Whether we use it for work or recreation, the metaverse will play a key role in connecting us and our machines and becoming increasingly important to our digital life. The next industrial revolution will be driven by the metaverse and its ability to create a new wave of businesses that provide services to people and machines alike.
One need not look hard to see how the incredible advances in artificial intelligence, cryptocurrencies, biotechnologies, and the Internet of things are transforming society in unprecedented ways. But the fourth industrial revolution is just beginning, says Schwab. And at a time of such tremendous uncertainty and such rapid change, he argues it's our actions as individuals and leaders that will determine the trajectory our future will take.
The Fourth Industrial Revolution describes the exponential changes to the way we live, work and relate to one another due to the adoption of cyber-physical systems, the Internet of Things and the Internet of Systems. As we implement smart technologies in our factories and workplaces, connected machines will interact, visualize the entire production chain and make decisions autonomously. This revolution is expected to impact all disciplines, industries, and economies. While in some ways it's an extension of the computerization of the 3rd Industrial Revolution (Digital Revolution), due to the velocity, scope and systems impact of the changes of the fourth revolution, it is being considered a distinct era. The Fourth Industrial Revolution is disrupting almost every industry in every country and creating massive change in a non-linear way at unprecedented speed.
Indeed, one of the greatest promises of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is to potential is to improve the quality of life for the world's population and raise income levels. For those in First World countries who already enjoy some of the benefits of a connected world as well as new products and services developed to take advantage of the technologies, we appreciate the efficiencies and conveniences provided such as booking a flight to getting movie recommendations. Our workplaces and organizations are becoming "smarter" and more efficient as machines, and humans start to work together, and we use connected devices to enhance our supply chains and warehouses. The technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution might even help us better prepare for natural disasters and potentially also undo some of the damage wrought by previous industrial revolutions.
Building on the historical reflection of the three industrial revolutions before it, the key difference today is that technological disruption is instantaneous and ubiquitous. Redefining infrastructure, technologies, and global-local economies in parallel with the Fourth Industrial Revolution may prove to have its challenges, however the space industry has repeatedly proven that it is at the helm of innovation. By taking a broader, long-term perspective that encompass sustainability considerations, the satellite industry is poised to play a key role in the responsible use of disruptive technologies that will help transform the way we live.
In today's 4IR, rapid advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning, 3D printing, gene editing, and nanotechnology are impacting how we manufacture, distribute, and innovate in retail. Klaus Schwab, executive chairman of the World Economic Forum, writes that we are implementing and iterating simultaneously, creating new breakthroughs sometimes faster than we can apply them. It's the fusion of these technologies and their interaction across the physical, digital, and biological domains that make the fourth industrial revolution fundamentally different from previous revolutions," writes Schwab in his book, The Fourth Industrial Revolution.
4IR innovations are expected to generate more than $3.7 trillion in value by 2025, according to ongoing research by the World Economic Forum and McKinsey. But some businesses and industries are slower than others to adopt the technology. In manufacturing, the study found less than a third of manufacturers are actively rolling out fourth industrial revolution technologies at scale." Researchers point to pilot purgatory, a holding pattern where technology rests in a permanent trial stage, growth stunted by a company's inability to push towards the scale-up phase. It's something retailers and distributors are experiencing as well.
CONTEXT AND BACKGROUND:The fourth industrial revolution is emerging from the introduction of several technological advancements in the way we design and engineer enterprises and their manufacturing and support systems. One important dimension of this transformation is that for the first time technology is not seen simply as a new mean to promote economic growth but also as pivotal element that will enable a greener future. The UN have suggested through their 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development agoal to promote sustainable industrialization and foster innovation. This includes a specific requirement to harmonize the technological development and the future of environment and society. This fast and structural shift has the potential to reshape completely the industrial landscape. Higher education must keep the pace of this process by ensuring that incumbent as well as newly graduates have no gaps or mismatch between their skills and what is required by the labor market.
OBJECTIVES:The aim of this initiative is to bring together excellences in manufacturing research in order to define and deliver the new competences required by future engineers working in the context of the fourth industrial revolution. In doing so particular emphasis is given to the aspect related with a sustainable transition to the digital era.
ACTIVITIES AND METHODOLOGY:In order to successfully implement the project, it has been structured in four phases, closely connected to the development of the intellectual outputs, which will be carried out through the 36 months project period. The phases are as follows:1) Identification the academic and industrial contributions that are shaping the fourth industrial revolution. Emphasis on technologies implemented in line with the objectives proposed by the UN Agenda for sustainable development2) Definition of new engineering profiles including the selected desired skills.This includes the description of specific learning outcome addressing gaps and mismatches identified in the previous phase3) Embodiment of the learning outcome in constructively aligned pilot courses that will be run at the single institution4) Implementation of the stakeholder feedback on the pilot course, validation and release of thefinal education units5) Definition of cooperation beyond the project to exploit the produced contribution: these includes but are not limited to joined profiles, double-degrees, students and teaching exchange.
POTENTIAL LONGER TERM BENEFITS:The main benefits of the Maestro initiative are planned for, and will be seen in, the long term. The creation of a shared and synergic education portfolio will strengthen the single HEI ́s offer across the whole spectrum of technologies featuring the fourth industrial revolution. At the same time it will be the ideal platform to define joined research endeavours and distribute talents where they are needed in the Union. 041b061a72