Purves Neuroscience 5th Edition PDF: A Complete Guide to the Nervous System
Purves Neuroscience 5th Edition PDF: A Comprehensive and Authoritative Textbook on the Structure and Function of the Nervous System
If you are looking for a textbook that covers all aspects of neuroscience, from the molecular and cellular level to the systems and behavioral level, then you should consider Purves Neuroscience 5th Edition PDF. This book is written by a team of leading experts in the field, who have updated it with the latest research and discoveries. It is an essential resource for students, researchers, and professionals who want to learn more about the structure and function of the nervous system.
Purves Neuroscience 5th Edition Pdf Chapterszip
Introduction
What is neuroscience?
Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system, which consists of the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, sensory organs, and other structures that communicate with each other through electrical and chemical signals. Neuroscience aims to understand how the nervous system works at different levels of organization, from molecules to cells to circuits to systems to behavior. Neuroscience also explores how the nervous system interacts with other systems in the body, such as the endocrine, immune, and cardiovascular systems.
Why study neuroscience?
Studying neuroscience can help us answer some of the most fundamental questions about ourselves and our world, such as:
How do we perceive, think, feel, learn, remember, and act?
How do we communicate with others and form social bonds?
How do we cope with stress, pain, emotion, and disease?
How do we develop from a single cell to a complex organism?
How do we adapt to changing environments and experiences?
How do we differ from other animals and species?
Studying neuroscience can also help us solve some of the most challenging problems facing humanity today, such as:
How can we prevent and treat neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, depression, schizophrenia, autism, addiction, etc.?
How can we enhance and restore brain function, such as through neuroprosthetics, brain-computer interfaces, neurofeedback, etc.?
How can we improve learning and education, such as through cognitive training, brain stimulation, etc.?
How can we understand and influence human behavior, such as through social neuroscience, neuroethics, neurolaw, etc.?
What are the main topics covered in Purves Neuroscience 5th Edition PDF?
Purves Neuroscience 5th Edition PDF is divided into four parts:
Cells of the Nervous System
Overview of Sensory Transduction
Development of the Nervous System
Systems Neuroscience
In each part, the book covers a wide range of topics, from the molecular and cellular mechanisms of neural signaling to the organization and function of neural systems. The book also includes numerous full-color illustrations, diagrams, and photographs to enhance understanding. The book also provides online resources, such as animations, web topics, flashcards, glossary, and Sylvius 4 Online (an interactive atlas and visual glossary of human neuroanatomy).
Cells of the Nervous System
Neurons and glia
The cells of the nervous system are divided into two main types: neurons and glia. Neurons are the basic functional units of the nervous system, which transmit and process information through electrical and chemical signals. Glia are the supporting cells of the nervous system, which provide structural, metabolic, and functional support to neurons.
Neurons have three main parts: soma (cell body), dendrites (branching extensions that receive signals from other neurons), and axon (long projection that sends signals to other neurons or target cells). Neurons can be classified according to their shape, size, function, location, or neurotransmitter type. Some examples of neuron types are pyramidal cells, Purkinje cells, motor neurons, sensory neurons, interneurons, etc.
Glia have different types and functions depending on their location and role in the nervous system. Some examples of glia types are astrocytes (star-shaped cells that regulate the extracellular environment and modulate synaptic transmission), oligodendrocytes (cells that form myelin sheaths around axons in the central nervous system), Schwann cells (cells that form myelin sheaths around axons in the peripheral nervous system), microglia (cells that act as immune cells in the nervous system), ependymal cells (cells that line the ventricles and produce cerebrospinal fluid), etc.
Membrane potentials and action potentials
The membrane potential is the difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of a cell membrane. The membrane potential is determined by the concentration and permeability of ions across the membrane. The resting membrane potential is the steady-state membrane potential when a cell is not stimulated by any signal. The resting membrane potential of a neuron is typically around -70 mV (millivolts).
The action potential is a rapid change in membrane potential that occurs when a cell is stimulated by a signal that reaches a threshold level. The action potential consists of four phases: depolarization (the membrane potential becomes more positive), peak (the membrane potential reaches its maximum value), repolarization (the membrane potential returns to its resting value), and hyperpolarization (the membrane potential becomes more negative than its resting value). The action potential is an all-or-none phenomenon, meaning that it either occurs fully or not at all. The action potential is also self-propagating, meaning that it travels along the axon without losing its amplitude.
Ion channels and transporters
Ion channels are proteins that form pores in the cell membrane that allow specific ions to pass through. Ion channels can be classified according to their gating mechanism (how they open or close), their selectivity (which ions they allow to pass through), or their function (what role they play in neural signaling). Some examples of ion channel types are voltage-gated channels (channels that open or close in response to changes in membrane potential), ligand-gated channels (channels that open or close in response to binding of a chemical ligand), mechanically-gated channels (channels that open or close in response to physical forces), leak channels (channels that are always open), etc.
Ion transporters are proteins that actively move ions across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient. Ion transporters use energy from ATP (adenosine triphosphate) or from coupling with other ions to perform this function. Ion transporters play an important role in maintaining the resting membrane potential and restoring the ionic balance after an action 71b2f0854b