Longman Grammar Of Spoken And Written English ##TOP##
This large-scale grammar owes much of its terminology and grammatical framework to A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language (Quirk, Greenbaum, Leech, & Svartvik, 1985). Those readers familiar with that grammar will have few problems with the terminology or concepts in this grammatical analysis. However, it is in the exemplification and quantitative analysis of grammar across the varieties of spoken and written English that this grammar is more comprehensive than the earlier one. In spite of this, the authors look at this grammar as a companion to the earlier volume.
Longman grammar of spoken and written English
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This book uses a computer-aided, corpus-based approach to look at the use of grammatical features in four registers (conversation, fiction, news, and academic prose) from American English (AmE) and British English (BrE). Each of the core registers consists of approximately 5 million words. The core conversation corpus is from BrE, fiction from AmE and BrE, news from BrE, and academic prose from BrE and AmE. In addition to the four registers, the full corpus includes AmE texts for conversation and news for dialect comparisons and two supplementary registers: non-conversational speech (BrE) and general prose (AmE and BrE). The two supplementary registers are used for two kinds of analyses: for the overall findings from the complete corpus, and for a few analyses that specifically target one or the other of these registers. The total corpus has over 40 million words. The majority of the texts were spoken or written after 1980. All of the findings are normed to frequency of occurrences per 1 million words.
In each part of this section, and in the whole of the book, the authors are concerned that readers understand the impact of their approach and findings. Concepts such as register, grammatical feature, dialects, varieties, and many others are well explained. Also, a table on page 39 explains occurrences per million (which is what the grammatical features for each register are normed to); that is, how often 10, 20, 40, 100, 200, and 1000 occurrences per million happen in minutes for spoken English or pages for written English. This is done succinctly and clearly, so this conceptually rather difficult idea is easily understood.
The potentially most far-reaching chapter of this book is chapter 14. This chapter offers a new look at the grammar of conversation. It shakes, crumbles, and reconstructs the use of the sentence as the foundation for conversational grammar. The authors say that the sentence is not the basis of spoken grammar because "such a unit does not realistically exist in conversational language" because "conversation has no generally recognizable sentence-delimiting marks such as the initial capital and final period of written language" (p. 1039). What the authors propose for a grammar of conversation is C-units and the principles which govern conversation. C-units consist of clausal and non-clausal units. The clausal unit (corresponding to the t-unit of written language) consists of the independent clause and any dependant clauses attached in it. The non-clausal unit consists of segments that are not clausal units or part of clausal units. From the corpus findings of this section, one discovers that non-clausal units account for over one-third of the units of conversation, but their average length is only two words. The constraints on conversation take into consideration the fact that conversation happens in real time and is subject to the participants' working memory. The three principles governing conversation are that participants keep talking, there is limited planning ahead, and what has been said can be qualified. This new view of spoken English should change how ESL/EFL conversation textbooks and classes are written and implemented.
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_OC_InitNavbar("child_node":["title":"My library","url":" =114584440181414684107\u0026source=gbs_lp_bookshelf_list","id":"my_library","collapsed":true,"title":"My History","url":"","id":"my_history","collapsed":true,"title":"Books on Google Play","url":" ","id":"ebookstore","collapsed":true],"highlighted_node_id":"");Grammar of Spoken and Written EnglishDouglas Biber, Stig Johansson, Geoffrey N. Leech, Susan Conrad, Edward FineganJohn Benjamins Publishing Company, Nov 15, 2021 - Language Arts & Disciplines - 1220 pages 1 ReviewReviews aren't verified, but Google checks for and removes fake content when it's identifiedThe completely redesigned Grammar of Spoken and Written English is a comprehensive corpus-based reference grammar. GSWE describes the structural characteristics of grammatical constructions in English, as do other reference grammars. But GSWE is unique in that it gives equal attention to describing the patterns of language use for each grammatical feature, based on empirical analyses of grammatical patterns in a 40-million-word corpus of spoken and written registers. Grammar-in-use is characterized by three inter-related kinds of information: frequency of grammatical features in spoken and written registers, frequencies of the most common lexico-grammatical patterns, and analysis of the discourse factors influencing choices among related grammatical features. GSWE includes over 350 tables and figures highlighting the results of corpus-based investigations. Throughout the book, authentic examples illustrate all research findings. The empirical descriptions document the lexico-grammatical features that are especially common in face-to-face-conversation compared to those that are especially common in academic writing. Analyses of fiction and newspaper articles are included as further benchmarks of language use. GSWE contains over 6,000 authentic examples from these four registers, illustrating the range of lexico-grammatical features in real-world speech and writing. In addition, comparisons between British and American English reveal specific regional differences. Now completely redesigned and available in an electronic edition, the Grammar of Spoken and Written English remains a unique and indispensable reference work for researchers, language teachers, and students alike. What people are saying - Write a reviewReviews aren't verified, but Google checks for and removes fake content when it's identifiedLibraryThing ReviewUser Review - signature103 - LibraryThingEnglish grammar has gained a much insight from corpus and this volume is thorough in its treatment of this huge topic. A classic reference work that will still be relevant for at least my life time. Read full review
The British National Corpus (BNC) is a 100 million word collection of samples of written and spoken language from a wide range of sources, designed to represent a wide cross-section of current British English, both spoken and written. In the lecture we shall explore some of the possibilities it offers as a means of verifying hypotheses about language or as a starting point of linguistic description.
ed talks, BBC, British Council.New Scientist, The Economist, The Guardian, Forbes Magazine, Science Magazine, Huffington Post, The Telegraph...Dictionary and Thesaurus - Merriam Webster LingueeWordreferenceTermium PlusOuvrages de référence:J. Eastwood, Oxford Learner's Grammar, Grammar Finder, Oxford University Press, 2005Biber, Conrad, Leech, Longman Student Grammar of spoken and written English, Longman, 2008 041b061a72